KV REGULATOR

KV REGULATOR 

      In conventional x-ray equipments High voltage settings  
    regulated by changes rotary switches which voltage source  
    taken from the auto transformer  then will be distributed  
    to the primary transformer high voltage, but before entering
    primary high voltage transformer, voltage of KV regulator  
    will be processed on the timer circuit and exposure circuit.       
    In modern x-ray equipments (digital mode)  the voltage  

    to KV regulators changer typically uses range of ADC  

    (Analog To Digital Converter) so that the voltage output  

    actually Precision.

X-RAY EQUIPMENT SYSTEM

X-RAY EQUIPMENT SYSTEM

 

 X-RAY EQUIPMENT BLOCK DIAGRAM

1.Voltage Input Regulator 
     X-ray machinePower supply  begins are electric power , which is distributed in
     through the setting of primary autotrafo voltage regulator / compensator both  
     major or minor.
     Autotrafo shape is similar to ordinary transformer, but the transformer is  
     seldom found the primary winding and separate secondary, windings only  
     single coil entwined in the iron core, but there are some terminal input  
     voltage regulation and output voltage.
     Secondary / output from autotrafo will give suplay to all functions settings
     both  KV settings, mA  settings(via transformer filament), time
     irradiation settings (timer), etc.

 AUTOTRAFO

 

AUTOTRAFO SCHEME

X-RAY HISTORY

X-RAY HISTORY

X-ray the first time discovered by German physicist 

who was name Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895.

Wilhelm Roentgen showed that the influence of cathode rays on a surface 

to produce a type of radiation that can cause certain substances shines 

at a certain distance from the cathode ray tube.  

Because of its nature it is not known is called the X-ray  

HTT (HIGH TENSION TRANSFORMER)

HTT (HIGH TENSION TRANSFORMER)

Also called high-voltage transformer, where in principle, this transformer is a step up transformer 
or transformer that serves to increase voltage value Kilo Volt (KV) which will distributed  
to the x-ray tube through rectifier circuit in it (HTT Chamber).  
Same as the tube housing HTT is being protected by high voltage oil that functions 
as a coolant and insulator of stepping (spikes) of high voltage.
At HTT also have connectors for cable high voltage which will be connected 
on x-ray tube between the anode and Cathode.

X-RAY TUBE

X-RAY TUBE  

X-Ray tube is where x-rays generated.
     On the x-ray tube there are some parts inside.
     a. Glass tube (glass envelope) is the tube made of glass and vacuum which
         containing FILAMENTS, ANODE and CATHODE.

 
     b. Tube Housing is a place for protect the glass tube, also contains high

         voltage oil and vacuum, to function as cooling and insulation of the  

         spike / high voltage stepping. On the   monoblock tube x-ray type there are  

         also high voltage transformer inside the tube housing.Tube housings made ​​

         of metal material Pb coated.  

         And there in the middle  hole as a place to exit the x-ray called WINDOW.

           

   
   

      c.  X-Ray Tube Type
          X-ray tubes were distinguished on
          - Fixed anode (Anode Fixed):
            Where is anoda not spinning.
            The advantages of this anode, electrons target do not move so x-rays  

            produced will be more sharply from the rotating anode.

 
          - Rotating anode :
            where is anoda on radiation will rotates.
            The advantages of this anode, the heat from the radiation on this anode is
            be evenly distributed on the anode material. 

            So that the age of x-ray tube will be much longer than with fixed anode.

EXAMINATION TABLE & COLLIMATOR

EXAMINATION TABLE

This utility to put object / patient will be illuminated, also this place too placed cassette containing the film as a media to read the patients diagnosis . 
Besides, the completeness of the table with the grid as filter for x-rays before the x-rays received on film. 
The grid is  is a slab of metal that contains Pb. (Lead) who lined up in parallel. 
For the grid is not move called LYSOLM, moving grid is called Bucky.

COLLIMATOR

It is a window that can be adjusted in width that functions as a regulator of fields 
radiation from x-rays. 
Collimator is located below the tube window and facing the object to be illuminated

TUBE STAND

TUBE STAND

Also called tube support is a pillar of  that serves as a place of x-ray tube put this pole can be moved to the right and to the left also can perform advanced motion or backwards on the x-ray tube.

Tube stand also serves to high or low range settings tube that will be used for irradiation on the object.

CONTROL TABLE

CONTROL TABLE

Also called control desk or a  setting table that serves as a regulator of irradiation conditions, namely the settings:
a. Input voltage of electric is called Voltage Regulator / Voltage Compensation
b. High voltage which will provide inputs on the high voltage transformer is called KV settings
c. Flow tubes that will determine the current through the x-ray tube voltage settings through the filament transformer is called mA settings.
d. Time duration of exposure is called Second or S.

AUTOTRAFO

  AUTOTRAFO (Automatic Transformer).

Autotrafo shape is similar to regular transformer, but is rarely found on the transformer primary and secondary windings are separate, single coil windings only wound on an iron core, but there are some terminal settings input voltage and input voltage.
Transformer of this type consists of only one electric coil which continues, with the middle lead. In this transformer, partial primary windings is also a secondary winding. Phase current in the secondary windings are always opposed to the primary current, so for the same power tariff secondary windings can be made with a wire thinner than usual transformer. The advantage of autotransformator is a small physical size and lower loss than other types of two loops. But this type of transformer can not provide electrical isolation between the primary winding with the secondary windings.

BASIC X-RAY 1

X-RAY DEFINITION

X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, just like visible light. In a health care setting, a machines sends are individual x-ray particles, called photons. These particles pass through the body. A computer or special film is used to record the images that are created.

Structures that are dense (such as bone) will block most of the x-ray particles, and will appear white. Metal and contrast media (special dye used to highlight areas of the body) will also appear white. Structures containing air will be black and muscle, and fluid will appear as shades of gray.